Mr. Fraiha's 4th Grade E.L.A. Website
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  • Parts of Speech Part 1
  • Parts of Speech Part 2
  • Relative Pronouns
  • Progressive Verb Tenses
  • Modal Auxiliaries
  • Ordering Adjectives
  • Prepositional Phrases
  • Complete Sentences/Fragments
  • Correctly Use Frequently Confused Words
  • Correct Capitalization
  • Commas and Quotations
  • Writing an Opinion Piece
  • Writing an Informative/Explanatory Piece

Parts of Speech Part 2

What's left?  Let's review pronouns, prepositions, adverbs, and conjunctions and interjections!
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:PRONOUNS:
A pronoun is a word that is  used in place of a noun.

Personal

Include subject pronouns, object pronouns, and possessive pronouns.

Subject

Used as the subject of a sentence. Subject pronouns are I, you, he, she, it, we, and they.

  • We were going to the zoo.
Object

Used after an action verb or as the object of a prepositional phrase. Object pronouns include me, you, him, her, it, us, and them.

  • Tim always calls me. (comes after action verb calls)
  • Mary waved to him. (object of prepositional phrase to him)
Possessive

Takes the place of a possessive noun. Possessive pronouns include my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, its, our, ours, their, and theirs.

  • Her shirt is dirtier than mine.
Singular

Refer to a single person or thing. They include I, me, my, mine, he, she, him, her, his, hers, it, its, and you. Use a singular pronoun with a singular verb.

  • Al's yard looked great after it was mowed. (Singular it replaces singular yard.)
Plural

Refer to more than one person or thing. They are we, us, our, ours, they, them, their, theirs, and you.

  • Millie hung the pictures after they were dry. (Plural they replaces plural pictures.)
Demonstrative

Point out nouns without naming them. They include this, that, these, and those.

  • That is a great project!
Interrogative

Ask Questions. They include what, which, who, whom, and whose.

  • Which can I take with me?
  • I want to know who said that!
Refer to nouns in a general way without naming the words they replace. They include all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, most, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, others, several, some, somebody, someone, and something.

  • Everything is packed in the car.
Intensive

Emphasize the words they refer to. They include myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself, themselves, yourselves, and ourselves.           the story.

Reflexive

Refer back to the subject of a sentence. The same pronouns that are intensive pronouns are also reflexive.

  • Lucy surprised even herself.
Adopted from https://sites.google.com/a/labrae.k12.oh.us/mrs-michele-deprofio-4th-grade-language-arts/writing/editing-marks/parts-of-speech

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Now, try taking this pronoun quiz:
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/cgi-shl/quiz.pl/pronoun_quiz.htm

:PREPOSITIONS:
A preposition is a word or group of words that combines with a noun or pronoun to form a phrase that usually acts as an adverb, adjective, or noun. Prepositions can tell four things - location (where something is in relation to something else), direction (where something is going), time, and relationship (between a noun or pronoun and another word).

Examples:

  • My dad stood outside the car. (location)
  • My dad walked toward the car.  (direction)
  • My dad walked until 10:00 to wash the car. (time)
  • My dad washed the car with Brian. (relationship)



TYPES OF PREPOSITIONS

Compound

Two or more words that work together like a one-word preposition. Some examples include according to, ahead of, along with, as for, instead of, except for, and in     case of.

  • Marilyn stood in front of me.
Begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun known as the object of the preposition. There may also be descriptive words in between the  preposition and the object of the preposition.

  • Kelly sits near me.
  • We went camping in spite of the terrible weather.
  • Sue drove over the hill and around the forest.
Object of the Preposition

The noun or pronoun  that follows a preposition in a prepositional phrase.

  • I put the money inside my coat pocket.
  • The cat jumped out of the bag.
Adopted from https://sites.google.com/a/labrae.k12.oh.us/mrs-michele-deprofio-4th-grade-language-arts/writing/editing-marks/parts-of-speech

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Click here to take a quiz on prepositions:
http://a4esl.org/q/f/z/zz98bck.htm


Try this game after the quiz:
http://www.manythings.org/vocabulary/games/k/words.php?f=prepositions


:ADVERBS:
An adverb is a word that describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

Describes a Verb

Answers one of three questions: how? when? or where?

  • The ballerina dances gracefully.  (How does she dance? Gracefully.)
  • The ballerina dances anywhere.  (Where does she dance? Anywhere.)
  • The ballerina dances daily. (When does she dance? Daily.)
Usually answers the question how?

  • My dad is extremely tall. (How tall? Extremely.)
Describes another Adverb. Usually answers the questions how?

  • My dog ran exceedingly quickly. (How quickly? Exceedingly quickly.)
Positive

Doesn't' make a comparison.

  • Ann runs fast.
  • Phil sings loudly.
Comparative

Formed by adding er to one-syllable adverbs. Use more or less before most adverbs of more than one syllable.

  • Ann runs fast, but Bill runs faster.
  • Phil sings loudly, but Meg sings more loudly.
Superlative

Formed by adding est to one-syllable adverbs. Use most or least before most adverbs of more than one syllable.

  • Bill runs faster than Ann, but Rita runs fastest.
  • Meg sings more loudly than Phil, but Guy sings most loudly.
Adopted from https://sites.google.com/a/labrae.k12.oh.us/mrs-michele-deprofio-4th-grade-language-arts/writing/editing-marks/parts-of-speech

Here are some examples of adverbs:
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Try this adverb game:
http://www.studyzone.org/testprep/ela4/g/useadverbsp1.cfm

Didn't like that one?  Try this one:
http://www.oswego.org/ocsd-web/match/term/matchgeneric2.asp?filename=msmith5adverbmatch


:CONJUNCTIONS:
A conjunction connects words or groups of words together.

TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS

Coordinating

Connect words, phrases, and sentences (independent clauses). Examples are and, nor, but, for, yet, so, and or.

  • Megan bought apples and oranges for our lunch.



Subordinating

Connect dependent clauses to independent clauses. Examples are after, before, so, till, where, although, for, so, that, unless, whereas, as, if, than, until, wherever, as if, once, that, when, whether, because, since, though, whenever, and while.

  • I won't go unless you apologize.



Correlative

Used in pairs that are split up by other words. Examples are either/or, both/or, neither/nor, not only/but also, just as/so, <and whether/or.

  • Not only is it raining today, but it is also cold.



Adverbial

Connects clauses of equal value. Examples are accordingly, furthermore, consequently, moreover, hence, however, nevertheless, and therefore.

  • I hate broccoli; however, I love cauliflower.
Adopted from https://sites.google.com/a/labrae.k12.oh.us/mrs-michele-deprofio-4th-grade-language-arts/writing/editing-marks/parts-of-speech

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Click below to watch my favorite video about conjunctions EVER:


:INTERJECTIONS:
An interjection is a word or phrase that expresses strong feelings or emotions. It usually comes at the beginning of a sentence, followed by a comma or an exclamation mark.

  • We won the race! 
  • I got an awesome present!
Adopted from https://sites.google.com/a/labrae.k12.oh.us/mrs-michele-deprofio-4th-grade-language-arts/writing/editing-marks/parts-of-speech

Still don't understand?  Watch the video below:

Ready to test your skills?
Quiz 1
http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/hypergrammar/rvpartsp.html

Quiz 2
(on the bottom of this page, click continue for more exercises!)
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/parts1.htm

Quiz 3
http://www.uvu.edu/owl/infor/test_n_games/practice_tests/partsofspeech.htm


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  • CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.3 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
    • CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.3.1a Explain the function of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in general and their functions in particular sentences.
    • CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.3.1b Form and use regular and irregular plural nouns.
    • CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.3.1c Use abstract nouns (e.g., childhood).
    • CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.3.1d Form and use regular and irregular verbs.
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